Basic Information
Name of the project / program topic: AP19680057«Study of economically useful traits and characteristics of the gene pool of cattle of the Kazakh white-headed breed by resequencing and transcriptomic analysis».
The name of the priority area of science development for which the application is submitted 6. The science of life and health
The name of the specialized scientific research area: 6.2 Innovative biological research to increase the productivity and sustainability of plant varieties and animal breeds in agriculture
Scientific director of the project/program: Tatyana Ulyanova, PhD
The implementation period, its duration in months. 01.02.2023 – 31.12.2025, duration 35 months.
The total amount of funding, and by year: 99 350,0 thousand tenge:
2023 – 27 750,0 thousand tenge;
2024 – 35 800,0 thousand tenge;
2025 – 35 800,0 thousand tenge.
Objects of research, development or design: Cattle of the Kazakh white-headed breed _____________________________________________________________________________
The purpose of the project / program: conducting resequencing and transcriptomic analysis of cattle of the Kazakh white-headed breed in the Republic of Kazakhstan, characterization of the gene pool, identifying specific genetic variants under selection pressure associated with economically useful traits.
1. Selection and description of a sample of the Kazakh white-headed breed and selection of biological material;
2. Genome-wide resequencing of perspective individuals and bioinformatic data processing;
3. Analysis of the heterozygosity index in the genomes of the Kazakh white-headed breed with other breeds;
4. Identification of SNP polymorphisms, INDEL polymorphisms, CNV index and structural variations in the genome of the Kazakh white-headed breed;
5. Identification of informative genome variants responsible for economically useful traits;
6. Determination of informative polymorphisms and creation of a genetic database of variations of the Kazakh white-headed breed;
7. Determination of informative miRNA profiles in the Kazakh white-headed breed;
8. Development of scientifically-based methodological proposals to assess the state of the gene pool, preserve and improve the genetic diversity of cattle of the Kazakh white-headed breed.
An experimental group of Kazakh white-headed cattle was formed in the amount of 15 bulls (West Kazakhstan region, Bokeyordinsky district, Burli village) and biomaterial from animals was selected. A total of 903459044 readings were obtained, of which 895309555 were successfully mapped to the reference genome, according to the criteria for sequencing quality control. As a result of the study, it was found that the expected and observed heterozygosity of the Kazakh white-headed breed was 0.402 and 0.398, respectively. Inserts and deletions (INDEL) were identified in the genome of the Kazakh white-headed cattle breed, the sizes of which ranged from 1 to 61 base pairs.As a result of the study, 21707 variants were characterized, of which 9935 (45.8%) turned out to be new, and 11772 (54.2%) corresponded to previously known variants. Most of the detected variants (55%) were located in the intronic regions of genes, which is typical for many species of organisms. Among the variants located in the coding regions of genes, 55% were missense mutations that can change the structure and function of proteins, and 41% are synonymous substitutions that do not affect the amino acid sequence.
The SNP and genes involved in the formation of economically useful traits of the Kazakh white-headed breed will be identified in the genome, specific genetic variants will be found and recommended for use in breeding. Unique miRNA transcription profiles of the Kazakh white-headed breed will be revealed. Eventually, recommendations for assessment of the genetic potential, preserving and improving the genetic resources of the Kazakh white-headed breed will be developed.
Degree of implementation: The research results will become the basis for the development of breeding programs and effective management of the breeding process in beef cattle breeding, conservation and improvement of genetic resources for the purpose of socio-economic development on the scale of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
1 Ulyanova T. V., Beishova I. S., Shamshidin A. S., Kovalchuk A.M., Kulbaev R.M., Beishov R.S. Reclamation of the full genome of the large rogue Scota of the Kazakh white blood cell / Scientific and practical Journal WKATU named after Zhangir Khana “Science and education”. – 2024. – №3-2 (76). – P.130-140. https://doi.org/10.52578/2305-9397-2024-3-2-130-140