Sampling of window and container glass waste at enterprises engaged in the production of double-glazed windows and landfills for the processing of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Western Kazakhstan.

Analysis and real assessment of the resulting unsorted glass waste by type, by fractions, the presence of impurities in order to create initial data for further research on their processing.

Research of the physical and mechanical properties and chemical compositions of the resulting unsorted glass waste.

Development of technological parameters for crushing and grinding and determination of the most optimal granulometric composition of glass powder based on unsorted glass waste.

Development of optimal compositions of silicate masses with the addition of crushed glass powder to obtain sand-lime bricks according to the criteria of energy efficiency and resource conservation.

Establishment of the main patterns of change in the physical and mechanical properties and structure formation processes depending on the content of glass powder and the technological conditions of autoclaving;

Development of rational technological parameters for obtaining sand-lime bricks with the addition of glass powder at the stage of raw material preparation, dosing, mixing, molding and autoclaving;

Development of a rational technological scheme for the production of sand-lime bricks based on the processing of broken glass into a composition with a silicate mixture including quartz sand from the West Kazakhstan deposit;

Release of a pilot batch of sand-lime bricks in the conditions of the sand-lime brick production plant of West Kazakhstan Corporation of Building Materials JSC

Conducting scientific and experimental work and testing to determine their physical and mechanical properties and filing an application for a patent for the technology being developed.

It has been established that glass is a widely used material that can be endlessly recycled for the production of various construction materials. However, a large amount of glass waste is still sent to landfills.

It has been established that when glass is ground into a fine powder, a positive pozzolanic reaction occurs, which strengthens the concrete while reducing alkali content. The literature shows that glass waste yields unfavorable results when used as a raw material substitute in clinker production; however, when used as a partial clinker replacement, it has a positive effect on mechanical properties due to the pozzolanic reaction. Many studies indicate that up to 20% of cement can be replaced with glass waste without compromising mechanical properties.

The potential use of glass waste as a raw material has been established, with a focus on ceramic products for civil construction, such as building bricks, suggesting the hidden possibility of using glass waste as a partial or complete substitute for conventional raw materials. It is noted that during traditional ceramic processing at the firing stage, depending on the temperature level, glass waste forms a viscous or liquid phase, favoring the formation of an amorphous phase in the final product, particularly at lower temperatures.

It has been established that the production of ceramic paving using glass waste—by grinding it, mixing with clays, shaping through pressing, and sintering in a kiln—yields positive effects. Glass waste is proposed as an effective alternative for recycling, acting as a flux to reduce the firing temperature of ceramics, thereby making production more cost-competitive. This approach offers a viable alternative to existing paving materials and is environmentally friendly in terms of glass waste utilization.

It has been established that glass waste used as fine aggregate in concrete shows more promising results than when used as coarse aggregate.

It has been established that the use of glass waste in the production of sand-lime bricks significantly reduces the consumption of natural sand and improves the physical-mechanical, thermal, and technological properties of the products.

A patent search in the field of research also confirms the effectiveness of using glass waste in the production of various construction materials, both in terms of replacing scarce natural raw materials and improving the physical-mechanical and performance properties of the final product.

During the implementation of the project, organizations and enterprises, as well as small and medium-sized businesses generating glass waste, were identified. In the city of Uralsk and the West Kazakhstan region, the major enterprises generating glass waste include LLP ‘Stekloservis,’ LLP ‘Agran,’ and the solid waste disposal site.

Organizational work has been carried out to transport glass waste (container and window) to the base of the ‘Research Institute of Building Materials and Technology’ at the ZKATU named after Zhansugurov Khan. The acceptance and storage of glass waste have been organized for further research according to the project’s schedule.

To conduct further research, the collected batches of glass cullet were crushed using an industrial hammer crusher and were separated into fractions of 1.25 – 10 mm, 0.63 – 1.25 mm, 0.063 – 0.63 mm, and fractions smaller than 0.063 mm.

The average and true densities of the separated glass cullet by fractions were investigated. The research results showed that with a decrease in the fraction size, the average density decreased from 1325 kg/m³ to 1015 kg/m³. This value is significantly lower than that of quartz sand from the ‘Melovye Gorki’ deposit. It has been established that the addition of glass cullet in amounts up to 10.0% practically does not affect the strength properties of the finished product, despite the significant decrease in average density. The obtained results serve as the basis for further development of resource- and energy-saving technologies for the production of building bricks.

A literature review and patent search will be conducted in the area of ​​research.

Work will be carried out to select samples of window and container glass waste at enterprises engaged in the production of double-glazed windows and landfills for the processing of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Western Kazakhstan.

An analysis and real assessment of the resulting unsorted glass waste by type, by fractions, the presence of impurities will be carried out in order to create initial data for further research on their processing.

The physical and mechanical properties and chemical compositions of the resulting unsorted glass waste will be studied.

The technological parameters of crushing and grinding will be developed and the most optimal granulometric compositions of glass powder based on unsorted glass waste will be determined.

Optimal compositions of silicate masses with the addition of glass powder will be developed to obtain sand-lime bricks according to the criteria of energy efficiency and resource conservation. The main patterns of changes in physical and mechanical properties and structure formation processes depending on the content of glass powder and the technological conditions of molding and autoclaving will be established.

Rational technological parameters for obtaining sand-lime bricks with the addition of glass powder at the stage of raw material preparation, dosing, mixing, molding and autoclaving will be developed.

The necessary technological equipment for processing cullet will be selected, providing a powdered silicate mass ready for subsequent technological operations.

A rational technological scheme for the production of sand-lime bricks will be developed based on the processing of cullet into a composition of a silicate mixture including quartz sand from the West Kazakhstan deposit.

Pilot-industrial tests of the developed silicate mixture compositions will be carried out and a pilot batch of sand-lime bricks will be produced in the conditions of the sand-lime brick production plant of West Kazakhstan Corporation of Building Materials JSC.

An application will be filed to obtain a patent for the technology being developed. An analysis of the technical and economic efficiency of sand-lime brick production using glass powder based on the processing of unsorted cullet will be conducted.

Recommendations will be developed for the purpose of implementing and commercializing the technology.

Scientific and experimental work will be carried out to test pilot batches of sand-lime bricks.

Based on the general technical and economic advantages, a technology for the comprehensive processing of cullet will be developed in order to use it as a resource-saving and modifying additive in the production of sand-lime bricks.

Rational technological parameters for the production of sand-lime bricks will be developed taking into account the use of processed fine cullet powder.

Based on the results of the implementation of the scientific and technical products program, new technologies, methods, technical documentation, recommendations for solving problems, an act of implementation for pilot developments, new materials, recommendations for implementation will be prepared.

The following will be published:

– at least 5 (five) articles in journals recommended by the KOKNVO;

– at least 4 (four) articles and (or) reviews in peer-reviewed scientific publications in the scientific area of ​​the program, included in the 1st (first), 2nd (second) and (or) 3rd (third) quartile by impact factor in the Web of Science database and (or) having a CiteScore percentile in the Scopus database of at least 50 (fifty);

– at least 1 (one) monograph or textbook in a foreign and (or) Kazakhstani publishing house, recommended by the academic council and (or) scientific and technical council of the applicant’s organization;

– at least 1 (one) intellectual property object (patent; for

applications in the field of information technology – author’s certificate), registered with the National Institute of Intellectual Property of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Degree of implementation:

Work on the project began in 2024 and is at the initial stage of implementation.

• Updated list of goods, works and services for the BR24993125 project dated 19.06.2025
• list of goods, works and services due to co-financing under the BR24993125 project dated 05.01.2025
• updated list of goods, works and services planned for purchase in 2025 under the BR24993125 project dated 09.10.2025
• Updated list of goods, works and services planned for purchase in 2025 under the BR24993125 project dated 09.17.2025
• List of goods, works and services under the BR24993125 project dated 05.01.2026